Catalan nationalism is a political and cultural movement that seeks to promote the identity, language, and interests of the Catalan people, who primarily reside in the Catalonia region of Spain. This movement advocates for greater autonomy or independence from Spain, emphasizing the unique history and traditions of the Catalan culture. The roots of Catalan nationalism can be traced back to the late 19th century, gaining momentum during the 20th century, especially after the Franco dictatorship (1939-1975) suppressed regional identities. Today, it remains a significant force in Spanish politics, with various parties and organizations pushing for self-determination and recognition of Catalonia's distinct status.