The Catalan Republic refers to a proposed independent state that would be formed by the region of Catalonia in northeastern Spain. Catalonia has a distinct culture, language, and history, and many of its residents have sought greater autonomy or independence from Spain. The movement for independence gained significant momentum in the early 21st century, particularly after a controversial referendum held in October 2017. In 2017, the Catalan parliament declared independence, leading to a political crisis and the imposition of direct rule by the Spanish government. The declaration was not recognized internationally, and many leaders of the independence movement faced legal consequences. The situation remains complex, with ongoing debates about self-determination and regional governance within the context of the broader Spanish state.