The Carolingian dynasty was a Frankish noble family that rose to prominence in the 8th century. It is best known for its most famous ruler, Charlemagne, who expanded the Frankish empire and was crowned Emperor of the Romans in 800 AD. The dynasty played a crucial role in the cultural and political revival known as the Carolingian Renaissance, which promoted learning and the arts. The dynasty's origins trace back to Charles Martel, who was instrumental in halting the Muslim advance into Europe at the Battle of Tours in 732. After Charlemagne's death in 814, the empire was divided among his grandsons, leading to its eventual fragmentation and the rise of new kingdoms in Europe.