A cardiovascular surgeon is a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions related to the heart and blood vessels. They perform surgeries to repair or replace damaged arteries, veins, and heart structures. Common procedures include bypass surgery, valve repair, and heart transplants. These surgeons undergo extensive training, including medical school and several years of residency in general surgery and cardiovascular surgery. Their expertise is crucial for patients with serious heart conditions, helping to improve heart function and overall health. They often work closely with other healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive care.