Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are a class of medications that block the action of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. This enzyme plays a crucial role in regulating the balance of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate in the body, which is important for maintaining acid-base homeostasis. By inhibiting this enzyme, these drugs can help reduce the production of bicarbonate and lower fluid buildup in certain medical conditions. These inhibitors are commonly used to treat conditions such as glaucoma, where they help decrease intraocular pressure, and edema, where they assist in reducing excess fluid. They can also be used in the management of epilepsy and altitude sickness, showcasing their diverse therapeutic applications.