Camillo Golgi was an Italian physician and scientist born on July 7, 1843. He is best known for his discovery of the Golgi apparatus, a cellular structure involved in processing and packaging proteins. His innovative staining technique, known as the Golgi stain, allowed for the visualization of neurons, significantly advancing the field of neuroscience. In 1906, Golgi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine alongside Santiago Ramón y Cajal for their contributions to understanding the structure of the nervous system. Golgi's work laid the foundation for modern cell biology and has had a lasting impact on the study of cellular functions.