The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded annually to individuals or groups who have made significant contributions to the fields of physiology or medicine. Established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, the prize recognizes groundbreaking discoveries that enhance our understanding of human biology and health. The award is presented by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden. Recipients, known as laureates, receive a medal, a diploma, and a monetary award. The prize has honored numerous influential scientists, including Albert Calmette and Paul Ehrlich, for their pioneering work in medical research.