The California Missions are a series of 21 religious outposts established by Spanish settlers in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Their main purpose was to spread Christianity among the indigenous peoples and to secure Spain's claim to the land. Each mission was typically built near a water source and included a church, living quarters, and agricultural areas. These missions played a significant role in California's history and culture. They helped shape the state's development by introducing new farming techniques and livestock. Today, many of the missions, like Mission San Juan Capistrano and Mission Santa Barbara, are popular tourist attractions, showcasing California's rich heritage.