The California Central Valley is a large, flat region in the heart of California, stretching approximately 450 miles from north to south. It is bordered by the Sierra Nevada mountains to the east and the Coast Ranges to the west. This area is known for its rich agricultural production, contributing significantly to the United States' food supply. The valley's climate is characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters, making it ideal for farming. Major cities in the Central Valley include Fresno, Bakersfield, and Stockton. The region is also home to various wildlife and natural habitats, including parts of the San Joaquin Valley National Wildlife Refuge.