Cable insulation is a protective layer that surrounds electrical wires and cables. Its primary purpose is to prevent electrical currents from escaping and to protect the wires from environmental factors such as moisture, heat, and physical damage. Common materials used for cable insulation include PVC, rubber, and polyethylene, each offering different levels of durability and flexibility. Proper cable insulation is crucial for safety and efficiency in electrical systems. It helps to reduce the risk of short circuits and electrical shocks, ensuring that devices operate correctly. Insulation also plays a role in minimizing energy loss, making it an essential component in both residential and industrial applications.