The COVID-19 pandemic began in late 2019 when a new virus, known as SARS-CoV-2, spread rapidly around the world. This virus causes a disease called COVID-19, which can lead to severe respiratory issues and other health problems. Governments implemented measures like social distancing, mask-wearing, and lockdowns to slow the spread and protect public health. As the pandemic continued, scientists worked tirelessly to develop vaccines. By late 2020, several vaccines, such as the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, became available, helping to reduce the severity of the disease and prevent hospitalizations. The global response highlighted the importance of public health and cooperation in tackling health crises.