COVID-19 vaccines are medical products designed to protect individuals from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes the COVID-19 disease. These vaccines work by training the immune system to recognize and fight the virus, reducing the risk of severe illness, hospitalization, and death. Several types of COVID-19 vaccines have been developed, including mRNA vaccines like Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, as well as viral vector vaccines like Johnson & Johnson. Vaccination campaigns have been implemented worldwide to achieve herd immunity and control the spread of the virus, contributing to the global effort to end the pandemic.