The Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. The brain is responsible for processing sensory information, controlling movements, and facilitating cognitive functions like thinking and memory. It is divided into several parts, including the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem, each with specific roles. The spinal cord acts as a communication highway between the brain and the rest of the body. It transmits signals that control reflexes and voluntary movements. The CNS is protected by the skull and vertebral column, as well as by meninges and cerebrospinal fluid, which provide cushioning and support.