The brainstem is a vital part of the central nervous system located at the base of the brain, connecting it to the spinal cord. It consists of three main sections: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. The brainstem plays a crucial role in regulating essential functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure, making it essential for survival. In addition to controlling basic life functions, the brainstem is also involved in the transmission of signals between the brain and the rest of the body. It houses important pathways for nerves that carry sensory and motor information, allowing for coordination and communication throughout the nervous system.