The C4 photosynthetic pathway is a process used by certain plants to efficiently capture carbon dioxide (CO2) for photosynthesis. This pathway is particularly advantageous in hot and dry environments, as it minimizes water loss and maximizes CO2 uptake. Plants like maize and sorghum utilize this method, which involves a two-step process to convert CO2 into a four-carbon compound. In the first step, CO2 is fixed into a four-carbon molecule in specialized cells called mesophyll cells. This compound is then transported to bundle sheath cells, where it is converted back into CO2 for the Calvin cycle, allowing for efficient sugar production. This adaptation helps C4 plants thrive in conditions where other plants may struggle.