The Byzantine economy was characterized by a mix of agriculture, trade, and craftsmanship. The empire's fertile lands produced grains, olives, and wine, which were essential for local consumption and export. Urban centers, like Constantinople, became bustling trade hubs, connecting Europe and Asia, facilitating the exchange of goods such as silk, spices, and precious metals. The Byzantine government played a significant role in the economy through regulation and taxation. It maintained a stable currency, the solidus, which helped facilitate trade. Additionally, state-sponsored industries, such as silk production, contributed to economic strength and allowed the empire to thrive for centuries.