A Byzantine Empress was the female ruler of the Byzantine Empire, which existed from the 4th to the 15th century. These empresses often held significant political power, influencing decisions and policies alongside their husbands, who were usually emperors. Notable empresses include Theodora, who was known for her intelligence and political acumen, and Eirene, who ruled as a sole empress. Empresses could also serve as regents for their sons or other heirs. They played vital roles in court life, often involved in religious and cultural affairs. The position of empress was not only a title but also a symbol of the empire's continuity and stability.