Bulgarian nationalism is a political and cultural movement that emphasizes the identity, culture, and interests of the Bulgarian people. It emerged in the 19th century during the struggle for independence from the Ottoman Empire, promoting the idea of a unified Bulgarian state and the revival of the Bulgarian language and traditions. The movement played a significant role in the establishment of the Principality of Bulgaria in 1878 and later the modern Republic of Bulgaria. Bulgarian nationalism has influenced various aspects of society, including education, literature, and politics, often focusing on the preservation of national heritage and unity among Bulgarians.