The Braganza dynasty was a royal family that ruled over the region of Portugal and its territories, including Brazil, from the 17th century until the early 20th century. Founded by John IV in 1640, the dynasty played a significant role in restoring Portuguese independence from Spanish rule. The Braganzas were known for their contributions to art, culture, and the expansion of the Portuguese Empire. The dynasty's reign saw the establishment of the Portuguese Empire as a global maritime power. However, it faced challenges, including political instability and the rise of republicanism. The Braganza dynasty officially ended in 1910 when Portugal became a republic, leading to the exile of the last king, Manuel II.