Bone marrow disorders are conditions that affect the bone marrow, the soft tissue inside bones responsible for producing blood cells. These disorders can lead to problems such as anemia, infections, and bleeding due to the insufficient production of red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets. Common types include leukemia, lymphoma, and myelodysplastic syndromes. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests and a bone marrow biopsy, where a sample of bone marrow is examined for abnormalities. Treatment options vary depending on the specific disorder and may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or bone marrow transplants to restore healthy blood cell production.