Bluetongue virus is a viral disease that primarily affects sheep but can also infect other ruminants like cattle and goats. It is transmitted by biting midges, particularly those in the Culicoides genus. The virus can cause symptoms such as fever, swelling of the face and tongue, and lameness, which can lead to significant economic losses in livestock farming. The disease is not contagious between animals but can spread rapidly in areas where the midges are present. Vaccines are available to help control outbreaks, and monitoring of vector populations is essential for managing the risk of infection.