Birmingham, located in the West Midlands of England, has a rich industrial history that began in the 18th century. It became a center for manufacturing and innovation, particularly during the Industrial Revolution. The city was known for its production of metal goods, including cutlery and tools, which earned it the nickname "the workshop of the world." In the 19th century, Birmingham expanded rapidly, with a diverse population drawn by job opportunities. The city played a significant role in the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s, particularly through the efforts of local leaders like Martin Luther King Jr.. Today, Birmingham is recognized for its cultural diversity and vibrant arts scene.