Biological ecology is the study of how living organisms interact with each other and their environment. It focuses on understanding the relationships between different species, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, and how these interactions affect ecosystems. For example, the role of predators in controlling prey populations is a key concept in biological ecology. This field also examines how factors like climate, soil, and water influence the distribution and abundance of species. By studying these interactions, scientists can better understand the health of ecosystems and the impact of human activities, such as pollution and deforestation, on the natural world.