Bioleaching is a process that uses microorganisms to extract metals from ores. These microbes break down the minerals in the ore, releasing valuable metals like copper, gold, and nickel into a solution. This method is often more environmentally friendly than traditional mining techniques, as it reduces the need for harsh chemicals. The bioleaching process typically involves two main stages: the growth of bacteria and the leaching of metals. Specific bacteria, such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, thrive in acidic environments and help dissolve metal ions. This technique is increasingly used in mining operations to recover metals from low-grade ores and waste materials.