Biodegradation is the natural process by which organic substances are broken down by living organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. This process helps recycle nutrients back into the environment, making it essential for maintaining ecological balance. For example, when a leaf falls to the ground, it eventually decomposes, enriching the soil with nutrients. In contrast, synthetic materials like plastic can take hundreds of years to biodegrade, leading to environmental pollution. Efforts to create biodegradable alternatives, such as bioplastics, aim to reduce waste and promote sustainability. By understanding biodegradation, we can make better choices for our planet's health.