Beta-lactamase is an enzyme produced by certain bacteria that provides resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin and cephalosporins. By breaking down the beta-lactam ring structure of these antibiotics, beta-lactamase prevents them from effectively targeting and killing the bacteria. The presence of beta-lactamase in bacteria can lead to treatment challenges in infections, as it renders common antibiotics ineffective. This has prompted the development of new antibiotics and inhibitors that can overcome the resistance conferred by beta-lactamase, ensuring better treatment options for bacterial infections.