Bacterial resistance occurs when bacteria evolve and develop the ability to survive exposure to antibiotics, which are medications designed to kill or inhibit their growth. This resistance can happen through genetic mutations or by acquiring resistance genes from other bacteria. As a result, infections caused by resistant bacteria become harder to treat, leading to longer illnesses and increased healthcare costs. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans and animals contribute significantly to the problem of bacterial resistance. When antibiotics are taken unnecessarily or not completed as prescribed, it creates an environment where resistant bacteria can thrive. This situation poses a serious public health threat, making it crucial to use antibiotics responsibly and explore alternative treatments.