Bertha Pappenheim (1859-1936) was a German-Jewish social worker and feminist known for her advocacy in women's rights and mental health. She is often recognized for her work in establishing the Jewish Women's Association and for her efforts in improving the lives of women and children in need. Pappenheim is also notable for being the patient of Sigmund Freud, who referred to her as "Anna O." in his case studies. Her experiences contributed to the development of psychoanalysis and highlighted the importance of understanding mental health issues, particularly in women.