Benedict XIV of the Schism, also known as Benedict XIV of the Old Catholic Church, was a figure during the 19th century who claimed the papacy in opposition to the Roman Catholic Church. His election was part of a broader movement that sought to address issues of authority and governance within the church, particularly after the First Vatican Council in 1869-1870, which defined the doctrine of papal infallibility. His leadership was marked by efforts to maintain a distinct identity for the Old Catholic Church, which rejected certain dogmas imposed by the Roman Catholic Church. Benedict XIV's tenure highlighted the ongoing tensions between traditional Catholic beliefs and the evolving landscape of religious authority during that period.