The Battle of the Atlantic was a prolonged military campaign during World War II, lasting from 1939 to 1945. It involved the struggle between the Allied forces, primarily the United Kingdom and United States, and the Axis powers, particularly Germany. The main goal was to control the Atlantic sea routes, which were vital for transporting troops and supplies. German submarines, known as U-boats, targeted Allied merchant ships to disrupt supply lines. In response, the Allies developed new tactics and technologies, such as improved anti-submarine warfare techniques and the use of convoys. Ultimately, the Allies gained the upper hand, securing vital shipping routes and contributing to their victory in the war.