The Battle of Pinkie Cleugh was fought on September 10, 1547, during the Rough Wooing, a conflict between England and Scotland. This battle was part of the struggle for control over the Scottish crown and the future of the Scottish royal family, particularly regarding the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to the English heir. The English forces, led by Edward Seymour, defeated the Scots decisively. The battle took place near Musselburgh, Scotland, and marked a significant victory for the English. The Scots, under the command of James Hamilton, faced a well-organized English army, which utilized artillery effectively. The defeat weakened Scottish resistance and led to increased English influence in Scotland.