The Battle of Marathon was a significant conflict fought in 490 BC between the ancient Greeks and the invading Persian Empire. The Athenians, led by their general Miltiades, faced a much larger Persian force near the town of Marathon. Despite being outnumbered, the Greeks used clever tactics and their knowledge of the terrain to achieve a surprising victory, which boosted Greek morale and unity. This battle is famous not only for its military significance but also for inspiring the modern marathon race. According to legend, a messenger named Pheidippides ran from Marathon to Athens to announce the victory, collapsing after delivering the news. This heroic act symbolizes endurance and courage, making the battle a pivotal moment in history.