The Basque separatist group ETA (Euskadi Ta Askatasuna) was founded in 1959 in Spain's Basque Country. Its primary goal was to establish an independent Basque state, separate from Spain and France. ETA initially focused on cultural and political activism but later turned to violence, carrying out bombings and assassinations. Over the decades, ETA became known for its militant tactics, which led to significant loss of life and widespread fear. In 2011, the group announced a permanent ceasefire, and in 2018, it officially disbanded, marking the end of its violent campaign for independence.