Basque whaling refers to the traditional hunting of whales by the Basque people, primarily from the regions of Spain and France. This practice dates back to the 11th century and was driven by the demand for whale oil, meat, and baleen. The Basques developed advanced techniques for hunting, including the use of small boats called chalupas and harpoons. The whaling industry significantly impacted the Basque economy and culture, leading to the establishment of whaling stations along the North Atlantic coast. Over time, as whale populations declined and hunting regulations increased, Basque whaling diminished, but its historical significance remains a part of Basque heritage.