Base64 is a method for encoding binary data into a text format using a set of 64 different characters. This encoding is useful for transmitting data over media that are designed to deal with text, ensuring that the data remains intact without modification during transport. It is commonly used in email and data storage. The 64 characters used in Base64 encoding include uppercase letters, lowercase letters, digits, and two additional symbols, typically "+" and "/". Each group of three bytes of binary data is converted into four characters, making it a compact way to represent data while maintaining its integrity.