Basalt Formation
Basalt formation occurs when molten rock, or magma, from the Earth's mantle rises to the surface and cools quickly. This process typically happens at mid-ocean ridges, volcanic islands, and hotspots. As the lava erupts, it spreads out and solidifies, forming a dense, dark rock known as basalt.
Basalt is primarily composed of minerals like plagioclase and pyroxene. Its fine-grained texture results from the rapid cooling of lava, which prevents large crystals from forming. This rock is one of the most abundant types on Earth, making up much of the ocean floor and many volcanic regions.