Basalt is a dark, fine-grained volcanic rock that forms when lava cools quickly at the Earth's surface. It is primarily composed of minerals like plagioclase and pyroxene, giving it a characteristic dense and hard texture. Basalt is commonly found in oceanic crust and volcanic islands, making it one of the most abundant types of rock on Earth. This rock plays a significant role in geology and is often used in construction and road building due to its durability. Additionally, basalt can be found in various forms, such as columns and formations, which are popular in natural landscapes and are often associated with volcanoes.