The basal lamina is a thin layer of extracellular matrix that lies beneath epithelial cells and surrounds muscle and fat cells. It provides structural support and helps anchor these cells to the underlying connective tissue. Composed mainly of proteins like collagen and laminin, the basal lamina plays a crucial role in cell adhesion and tissue organization. In addition to providing support, the basal lamina is involved in various biological processes, including cell differentiation and tissue repair. It acts as a selective barrier, regulating the movement of molecules between the epithelium and the underlying tissues, thus contributing to overall tissue homeostasis.