The Banu Qurayza was a Jewish tribe that lived in the Arabian Peninsula during the time of the Prophet Muhammad. They were located in the city of Medina and were one of several tribes in the region. The Banu Qurayza had a complex relationship with the early Muslim community, marked by both alliances and conflicts. During the Battle of the Trench in 627 CE, the Banu Qurayza were accused of betraying the Muslims by collaborating with the attacking forces. After the battle, the tribe was besieged, leading to their surrender. The aftermath resulted in a controversial judgment, where the men were executed, and the women and children were taken captive.