Ball milling is a mechanical process used to grind materials into fine powders. It involves placing the material and hard balls, usually made of steel or ceramic, into a rotating cylinder. As the cylinder turns, the balls collide with the material, breaking it down into smaller particles. This technique is commonly used in industries such as mining, ceramics, and pharmaceuticals. The efficiency of ball milling depends on factors like the size of the balls, the speed of rotation, and the duration of milling. It can be used for both dry and wet milling processes, making it versatile for various applications. Ball milling is essential for producing materials with specific properties, such as increased surface area or improved reactivity.