Balkanization refers to the fragmentation of a region or state into smaller, often hostile, units. The term originated from the Balkans, a region in Southeast Europe that experienced political division and conflict in the 20th century. This process can occur due to ethnic, cultural, or political differences, leading to instability and conflict. The consequences of Balkanization can include increased tensions, civil wars, and challenges in governance. It often results in the creation of new borders and nations, which can complicate international relations. Understanding Balkanization helps in analyzing conflicts in various parts of the world, not just in the Balkans.