Bailén is a town located in the province of Jaén, in southern Spain. It is known for its rich history and strategic location, which has made it an important site throughout various historical events, including the Battle of Bailén in 1808 during the Peninsular War. The town features several notable landmarks, such as the Church of Santa María and the Bailén Castle. Its economy is primarily based on agriculture, particularly olive oil production, which is a significant industry in the Jaén region. Bailén also hosts various cultural events that celebrate its heritage.