The "Babylonian Captivity" refers to a period in the 6th century BCE when the Jewish people were taken captive by the Babylonian Empire. After the conquest of Jerusalem in 586 BCE, many Jews were forced to leave their homeland and live in Babylon, which is in present-day Iraq. This event marked a significant moment in Jewish history, as it led to the loss of their temple and homeland. During this time, the Jewish community in Babylon adapted to their new environment while maintaining their cultural and religious identity. The captivity lasted for about 70 years, ending when the Persian Empire conquered Babylon and allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild their temple.