BRAF is a gene that provides instructions for making a protein involved in sending signals within cells. This protein plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth and division. Mutations in the BRAF gene can lead to uncontrolled cell growth, which is a hallmark of cancer. The most common mutation in the BRAF gene is known as BRAF V600E, often found in various cancers, including melanoma and colorectal cancer. Targeted therapies have been developed to inhibit the activity of the mutated BRAF protein, offering new treatment options for patients with these cancers.