The Aztec rulers, known as tlatoque, were the leaders of the Aztec Empire in central Mexico. They held both political and religious authority, overseeing the administration of the empire and conducting important ceremonies. The most famous ruler was Montezuma II, who reigned during the arrival of Spanish conquistadors in the early 16th century. Aztec rulers were often chosen from noble families and were expected to demonstrate military prowess and wisdom. They governed from the capital city of Tenochtitlan, which was a thriving urban center. Rulers were also responsible for maintaining the favor of the gods through rituals and sacrifices.