The Aztecs developed advanced agricultural techniques to support their large population in central Mexico. They utilized a method called chinampas, which involved creating floating gardens on shallow lake beds. This innovative system allowed them to grow crops like maize, beans, and squash efficiently, maximizing their yield. In addition to chinampas, the Aztecs practiced crop rotation and intercropping, which helped maintain soil fertility. They also relied on irrigation systems to manage water supply for their fields. The success of their agriculture was crucial for the growth of their civilization and supported their economy and trade networks.