The axial skeleton is a major part of the human skeleton that includes the bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. It serves as the central framework of the body, providing support and protection for vital organs, such as the brain and heart. Comprising 80 bones in total, the axial skeleton plays a crucial role in maintaining posture and facilitating movement. The vertebral column consists of individual vertebrae that protect the spinal cord, while the rib cage safeguards the lungs and heart from injury.