The vertebral column, also known as the spine, is a flexible structure made up of individual bones called vertebrae. It extends from the base of the skull to the lower back and is divided into five regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal. The vertebral column protects the spinal cord, which runs through a central canal, and provides support for the head and body. In addition to protection and support, the vertebral column allows for a range of movements, such as bending and twisting. It also serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments, contributing to overall stability and posture. Proper alignment of the vertebral column is essential for maintaining health and preventing pain.