Avian virology is the study of viruses that infect birds. This field focuses on understanding how these viruses spread, their effects on bird populations, and the diseases they cause. Common avian viruses include avian influenza and Newcastle disease virus, which can lead to significant health issues in both wild and domesticated birds. Research in avian virology is crucial for poultry health and food security. By studying these viruses, scientists can develop vaccines and control measures to prevent outbreaks. This knowledge also helps protect wildlife and maintain biodiversity, as many avian viruses can impact ecosystems and other animal species.