Austerity measures are policies implemented by governments to reduce public spending and decrease budget deficits. These measures often involve cutting government services, reducing social benefits, and increasing taxes. The goal is to stabilize the economy and restore financial health, especially during times of economic crisis. Countries like Greece and Spain have adopted austerity measures in response to financial challenges. While proponents argue that these measures can lead to long-term economic stability, critics contend that they can harm vulnerable populations and slow down economic growth in the short term.